Introduction to Strabismus | Assessment, Orthoptic Tests & Understanding Eye Movements

Описание: In this introductory session on strabismus, we take a step back from specific pathologies to lay down the essential foundations for understanding ocular alignment, motility, and orthoptic assessment.

Key themes include:
⭐ Basic definitions — orthophoria, heterophoria, and heterotropia; latent vs manifest deviations.
⭐ Extraocular muscles — primary, secondary, tertiary actions and the spiral of Tillaux.
⭐ Laws of ocular motility — Sherrington’s and Hering’s laws and their practical implications.
⭐ Sensory and motor adaptations — suppression, abnormal retinal correspondence, microtropia, and compensatory head posture.
⭐ Key orthoptic assessments: cover tests, Hirschberg and Krimsky tests, Maddox rods, prism cover test, and motility scoring.
⭐ Common sensory tests — Worth four-dot, Bagolini glasses, four-prism diopter test, and the synoptophore.
⭐ The role of refraction and fundoscopy — hypermetropia, anisometropia, and amblyogenic thresholds in children.

Take-home messages:
🌟 Strabismus assessment is multifactorial — anatomy, physiology, optics, and neurology all come together.
🌟 Always approach patients systematically
🌟 Work closely with orthoptists — understanding their reports transforms your clinical decision-making.
🌟 Understanding normal ocular movements is the first step to recognising pathology.
🌟 Strabismus clinics rely on teamwork and structure; learn how to interpret, not just observe.

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