Mechanism of Urine Formation

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The kidneys are vital excretory organs that help maintain the body’s internal chemical balance by removing harmful wastes and extra water from the blood. Each kidney contains nearly one million tiny filtration units called nephrons, which are the structural and functional units of the kidney.

In Class 10 NCERT Science (Life Processes chapter), the mechanism of urine formation is explained through three key steps:
1️⃣ Ultrafiltration – Blood is filtered in the glomerulus under pressure, separating wastes like urea.
2️⃣ Selective Reabsorption – Useful substances like glucose, water, and salts are reabsorbed in the tubule.
3️⃣ Tubular Secretion – Additional wastes are secreted into the tubular fluid to form urine.

Finally, urine is collected in the urinary bladder and expelled through the urethra.
This process ensures that our body stays free from toxic wastes and maintains osmotic balance — showing how beautifully the human excretory system works!

This topic gives students a clear understanding of how the nephron functions as a mini-filtering unit, making it a core concept for Class 10 board exams and NEET foundation preparation.


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