Earthquake & Seismology – Part 2 | Global Distribution and Causes of Earthquakes

Описание: In this lecture of Earthquake & Seismology – Part 2, we examine the global distribution of earthquakes and the fundamental causes behind their occurrence with clear conceptual understanding. Earthquakes are not randomly distributed across the Earth’s surface; rather, they are concentrated along specific seismic belts closely associated with plate tectonics. Major earthquake zones include the Circum-Pacific Belt (Ring of Fire), the Mediterranean–Himalayan Belt, and the Mid-Oceanic Ridge system, along with certain intra-plate regions where seismic activity occurs away from plate boundaries. Regions such as Japan, Indonesia, and the Himalayan belt experience frequent earthquakes due to active plate interactions. The causes of earthquakes are primarily tectonic, resulting from convergent, divergent, and transform plate boundaries, explained scientifically through the Elastic Rebound Theory. In addition, volcanic activity, collapse of underground cavities, reservoir-induced seismicity, mining operations, and nuclear testing also contribute to earthquake generation. This lecture aims to build strong conceptual clarity and analytical understanding, especially useful for UPSC (Geography Optional), UGC NET/JRF, State PCS, PGT Geography, and university examinations, ensuring not just information but deep academic comprehension of seismic processes.
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