Inter 2nd Year - 2 Marks Sure Shot Pakka Questions - AP & TS - Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Описание: Inter 2nd Year - 2 Marks Sure Shot Pakka Questions - AP & TS - Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter #kaalgyaanacademy
Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter – Key Questions for Intermediate 2nd Year Physics
1. What are Cathode Rays? Cathode rays are streams of negatively charged particles (electrons) emitted from the cathode (negative electrode) in a vacuum tube when a high voltage is applied. These rays, which move in straight lines unless deflected by electric or magnetic fields, carry energy and can produce visible effects, such as causing certain materials to glow or even generating X-rays when they strike specific substances. Their discovery was pivotal in understanding atomic structure and led to the identification of the electron.
2. What Important Fact Did Millikan's Experiment Establish? Millikan's oil drop experiment was crucial in determining the charge of an electron. By observing tiny oil droplets in an electric field, he found that the charges on the droplets were multiples of a fundamental value, which led to the determination of the electron's charge.
3. What is the Work Function? The work function refers to the minimum energy required to release an electron from the surface of a material, typically a metal, into a vacuum. This concept is integral to the photoelectric effect, where light striking a material with energy greater than or equal to the work function causes electrons to be emitted. The work function varies based on material type and surface conditions and plays a key role in devices like solar panels and photocells.
4. What is the Photoelectric Effect? The photoelectric effect is the phenomenon where light causes the emission of electrons from a material. The effect depends on the frequency of the light and the material's work function. When light of sufficient energy hits a material, it releases electrons, and this phenomenon was essential in proving the dual nature of light, showing both wave-like and particle-like behaviors.
5. Examples of Photosensitive Substances: Photosensitive substances respond to light by either releasing electrons or undergoing a chemical change. Examples include zinc, which releases electrons when exposed to ultraviolet light, and silver halides, which change chemically in response to light and are used in photographic films. These materials are called "photosensitive" because they react to light, making them vital in technologies like solar cells, cameras, and photocopiers.
6. Einstein's Photoelectric Equation: Einstein's photoelectric equation relates the energy of incoming light photons to the kinetic energy of emitted electrons in the photoelectric effect. The equation shows that the energy of the photon must exceed the work function of the material for electron emission to occur, and any excess energy is transferred as the kinetic energy of the emitted electron. This discovery laid the foundation for quantum mechanics and continues to influence modern technologies such as solar cells and photodetectors.
These topics explore the fundamental principles of the dual nature of radiation and matter, key concepts in modern physics that are crucial for understanding phenomena like the photoelectric effect, electron behavior, and the nature of light.

Telangana State Board of Intermediate Education
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