The Ancient Genetic (DNA) History of Britain and Ireland: From the Ice Age to the Romans

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The Ancient Genetic (DNA) History of Britain and Ireland: From the Ice Age to the Romans

Chapters:
0:00 Intro
0:20 Ancient Humans and Ice Age Britain & Ireland
2:17 Early Settlers and Farming
3:38 Bell Beaker Culture
4:36 More on the First Farmers
5:46 More on Ancient Ireland
7:18 Later Migrations, Celtic Languages and Lactose Tolerance
10:29 Support

What is the ancient genetic history of Britain and Ireland? In one of my previous videos on the genetic history of Britain, I looked at the impact of migrations and invasions from the likes of the Romans, the Vikings, the Anglo-Saxons and the Normans. But what migrations took place into Britian and Ireland thousands of years prior to this?

If we go way back, species of humans – Homo neanderthalensis and Homo heidelbergensis – were in Britain from 800,000 years ago, living by hunting wild animals and gathering plant foods. Our species of humans (homo sapiens) are thought to have reached Britain somewhere around 44,000 years ago, during the last ice age, which itself lasted from around 115,000 – 11,700 years ago.

Rapid changes in climate caused humans to move in and out of Britain during the last ice age. During the last glacial maximum for instance, the period during the last ice age when ice was at is greatest extent, around 26,000-20,000 years ago, Britain was pretty much uninhabitable, and humans had to live further south. Somewhere around 12,000 years ago after the Younger Dryas period, Britain and the world finally emerged from the last ice age.

Sources:

Celtic History Decoded: The Genetic (DNA) History of the British Isles: Scotland, England, Wales and Northern Ireland    • The Genetic (DNA) History of Scotland, Eng...  

Genetics, Geography and the People of Britain - http://www.oum.ox.ac.uk/settlers/

Ancient mass migration transformed Britons' DNA - BBC News
Neolithic and Bronze Age migration to Ireland and establishment of the insular Atlantic genome https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073...

Irish DNA originated in Middle East and eastern Europe https://www.theguardian.com/science/2...

Ancient DNA study reveals large scale migrations into Bronze Age Britain | Natural History Museum (nhm.ac.uk)

Brace S, Diekmann Y, Booth TJ, van Dorp L, Faltyskova Z, Rohland N, Mallick S, Olalde I, Ferry M, Michel M, Oppenheimer J, Broomandkhoshbacht N, Stewardson K, Martiniano R, Walsh S, Kayser M, Charlton S, Hellenthal G, Armit I, Schulting R, Craig OE, Sheridan A, Parker Pearson M, Stringer C, Reich D, Thomas MG, Barnes I. Ancient genomes indicate population replacement in Early Neolithic Britain. Nat Ecol Evol. 2019 May;3(5):765-771. https://www.nature.com/articles/s4155... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...

National History Museum, The Beaker people: a new population for ancient Britain https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/news/2...

Nature (Olade et al.) The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe https://www.nature.com/articles/natur...

Britannica, Beaker folk https://www.britannica.com/topic/Oguz

Bell Beaker culture https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Be...

Barry Cunliffe (2018) The Ancient Celts (Oxford University Press)

Corded Ware culture https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corded_...

Funnelbeaker culture https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funnelb...

Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age | Nature

#history #britain #ireland

genetic history Britain - ancestry Britain - genetic history Ireland - dna history documentary