Berlin S Bahn DBAG Class 481

Описание: The DBAG Class 481/482 is an electric multiple unit train for the Berlin S-Bahn. The class 481 was designed to replace the aging rail cars after the German reunification in 1990. The first mock-up models were presented in 1993 with the first rollout on 22 January 1996.

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Each 481/482 unit is formed of two cars - one 481 car with driving cab, and one 482 car without a cab, connected by a walkthrough gangway, forming a so called quarter-train. Three units (501/601 – 503/603) consist of four cars connected by three gangways. As driving cabs are required on both ends of each consist, the minimum train length for a Class 481/482 train is a half-train with 4 cars (Kurzzug), formed 481-482-482-481. Two half-trains coupled together form an 8 car Vollzug, the longest possible train length. 6 car trains are also run, namely on S 25, S 26, S 41, S 42, S 47 and S 85.
The seating is arranged in a 2 + 2, with an open area at one end to accommodate bicycles and wheelchairs.
Regenerative brakes are fitted, leading to an average electricity saving of 30 percent over the S-Bahn network. Three of the four bogies in each 2 car unit are powered. In the interior, mainly clean and vandal-resistant fabrics were used.
Due to their characteristic howling start-up noise, which is typical for three-phase AC motors with pulsed voltage control, these vehicles are occasionally also called "circular saws", "hoe buoys" or "flying alarms". The loud start-up and brake noise has led to many complaints.

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