Tolosa Hunt Syndrome an Overview

Описание: In this episode, we provide a comprehensive overview of Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome (THS), a rare neuro-immunological disorder characterized by severe unilateral periorbital headache and painful ophthalmoplegia due to idiopathic granulomatous inflammation of the cavernous sinus or superior orbital fissure. We discuss the hallmark clinical features, including sharp, stabbing orbital pain often preceding cranial nerve III, IV, and VI palsies, and associated symptoms such as diplopia, ptosis, and sensory changes in the ophthalmic nerve distribution.

Listeners will learn when to suspect THS in patients presenting with painful ophthalmoplegia and how to differentiate it from other causes of painful eye movement, such as neoplasms, infections, aneurysms, and idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome. We highlight key differential diagnoses and outline critical red flags-including progressive visual loss, systemic symptoms, or atypical imaging findings-that warrant urgent investigation and alternative diagnoses.

Finally, we review the diagnostic criteria, emphasizing the importance of neuroimaging and the characteristic rapid response to corticosteroids, which supports the diagnosis. This episode aims to equip clinicians and learners with practical insights for timely recognition and management of this rare but treatable condition.