Genetics of Eastern Hunter Gatherers

Описание: Eastern Hunter-Gatherers (EHGs) were a prehistoric population that inhabited the forests and steppes of Eastern Europe and Western Siberia during the Mesolithic period, roughly between 10,000 and 5,000 years ago. These groups played a crucial role in the prehistoric population dynamics of Eurasia, acting as a genetic bridge between the ancient populations of Europe and Siberia. EHGs were descendants of the Ancient North Eurasians (ANE), a group that lived during the Upper Paleolithic and contributed significantly to the genetic makeup of later populations across Europe, Siberia, and even the Americas. The EHGs were highly mobile, relying on a mixed subsistence strategy that included hunting large game, fishing, and gathering wild plants.

Archaeological evidence provides insight into the lives of the EHGs, including the discovery of the earliest known fishing net in Antrea, near Lake Ladoga, dating back to around 8300 BCE. This net, made from willow fibers, is a testament to the advanced technological skills of these hunter-gatherers and their ability to exploit aquatic resources. Genetically, the EHGs were characterized by the presence of Y-chromosome haplogroups R1a and R1b, which would later become widespread across Europe and Asia. These haplogroups are particularly significant because they played a key role in the genetic structure of subsequent populations, including the Indo-European-speaking peoples who spread across Eurasia during the Bronze Age. The EHGs were themselves a mixture of ANE ancestry and local European hunter-gatherer populations, and their genetic legacy is still present in many modern populations, especially in Eastern Europe and Western Siberia.
Data on the 17 samples can be found here:
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/...
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