Power Systems | Tutorial - 9 | Solved Problems on Long Transmission Line

Описание: A Long Transmission Line is an electrical power transmission line that extends over a significant distance, typically exceeding 200-240 kilometers (approximately 125-150 miles). Unlike short or medium transmission lines, where line parameters (resistance, inductance, capacitance, and shunt conductance) can be considered lumped at specific points for calculation, in long transmission lines, these parameters are uniformly distributed along the entire length of the line.

This distributed nature means that rigorous mathematical treatment is required for accurate performance calculations. Long transmission lines are crucial for transmitting bulk power from generating stations to substations or directly to large consumption centers over vast distances, often operating at very high voltage levels (e.g., 110 kV, 220 kV, and above) to minimize transmission losses.

Key phenomena that become significant in long transmission lines due to their distributed parameters include:
Voltage and Current Propagation: Voltage and current vary continuously along the line.
Characteristic Impedance ($Z_C$): This is the impedance seen looking into an infinitely long line, representing the ratio of voltage to current for a wave propagating down the line.
Propagation Constant ($\gamma$): This describes how the amplitude and phase of a wave change as it travels along the line.
Ferranti Effect: Under light load or no-load conditions, the receiving-end voltage can be higher than the sending-end voltage due to the line's shunt capacitance.
Surge Impedance Loading (SIL): The power at which the reactive power generated by the shunt capacitance is exactly consumed by the series inductance, resulting in unity power factor at the receiving end and a flat voltage profile.

To delve deeper into long transmission lines, you might search for:
Long transmission line models (e.g., distributed parameter model, equivalent Pi model, equivalent T model)
ABCD parameters of long transmission lines
Voltage and current equations for long transmission lines
Characteristic impedance and propagation constant
Ferranti effect in power systems
Surge impedance loading (SIL) calculation
Power transfer capability of long transmission lines
Compensation techniques for long transmission lines (e.g., series compensation, shunt compensation, FACTS devices)
Losses in long transmission lines (e.g., corona loss, skin effect)
Steady-state analysis of long transmission lines
Transient analysis of long transmission lines
High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission for long distances

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