B.Pharm. Sem.-IV | Medicinal Chemistry-I | Preparation of Phenytoin

Описание: B.Pharm. Sem.-IV | Medicinal Chemistry-I | Preparation of Phenytoin

Phenytoin is commonly prepared in the laboratory by condensing benzil with urea in the presence of an alkaline medium like potassium hydroxide under reflux conditions. During this reaction, benzil reacts with urea to form a hydantoin ring through a cyclization process, resulting in the formation of phenytoin. After the reaction is complete, the mixture is cooled and acidified to precipitate phenytoin, which is then filtered, washed, and purified by recrystallization using solvents such as ethanol or glacial acetic acid. This synthesis is important as phenytoin is a widely used anticonvulsant drug, and the process illustrates fundamental organic reactions including condensation and ring closure that are essential in pharmaceutical chemistry.


This lecture explains the laboratory synthesis of *Phenytoin**, a widely used anticonvulsant drug. The preparation involves the **condensation of benzil with urea* in an alkaline medium (such as potassium hydroxide) under reflux conditions. Through cyclization, a *hydantoin ring* is formed, resulting in phenytoin.

Key topics covered include:

Reaction mechanism of benzil and urea condensation
Role of alkaline medium in cyclization
Steps of purification through recrystallization
Reaction conditions and yield optimization
Pharmaceutical importance of phenytoin as an antiepileptic agent

This experiment demonstrates key organic chemistry principles such as **condensation, ring closure, and purification**, fundamental to the synthesis of medicinal compounds in pharmaceutical chemistry.

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🌐 [https://www.regional.ac.in](https://www.regional.ac.in)

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