Types of footings & their applications for your House

Описание: Check out our expert guide on Various types of footings & their application for your house ,an informative content intended to equip you with basic knowledge on types of footings and their suitability. This will help you strike an informed conversation with your contractor and then finalise the best-suited footing for your home.

To begin with, let us understand what is footing.
Footing is the base of a structure, which is in direct contact with the ground. In other words, it is the bottommost part of a foundation (a substructure that supports the superstructure) touching the soil. Footing is traditionally made from reinforced concrete and it is designed to transfer the load of the structure to the soil beneath safely. The design of the footing mainly depends on the type of structure, the type of soil, and the area available for the foundation. Based on the favourability of the above-mentioned factors footings are designed accordingly.
With that part being clear, let us now move to the various types of footing:
• Continuous wall footing
• Isolated footing
• Combined footing
• Strap footing
• Raft footing
• Pile footing
Continuous wall footing – It is preferred under load bearing walls and when columns are to be constructed closely in one line as in a long wall. There is no separate footing pedestal for each column. All the columns in the line share one continuous footing slab.
 The footing slab can be either simple or stepped.
 The width of the footing is twice the width of the wall that is rested on it or even wider. But in no case lesser than the width of the wall.
 Easy to build, but expensive to some extent.

Isolated Footing – In cases of shallow foundation (depth of foundation 3m or less) the footing provided below individual columns is called isolated footing. In easy words, isolated footing, as the name says, it is isolated from the rest of the footing.
 An isolated footing pedestal can be pad, stepped, or sloped.
 It is used only when there is enough space available for a separate pedestal.
 It is an economical option.
Combined footing – In cases of two or more closely spaced columns and not enough space for isolated footing, a footing slab is shared between two or more columns, known as combined footing.
 There are two types of combined footing. Rectangular combined footing and trapezoidal combined footing.
 A rectangular combined footing is provided when one of the projections of the footing is restricted or the width of the footing is restricted.
 A trapezoidal combined footing is provided when the load of one column is more than the others.
 It is an expensive footing option.
Strap footing – In cases of two or more widely spaced columns and not enough space for isolated footing for both or either one of them, the strapped footing is provided. In strap footing, two isolated footing pedestals are connected to a beam (strap) for the purpose of even load distribution.
 The strap beam does not remain in contact with the soil, and thus it does not transfer any pressure to the soil.
 The strap beam is meant to divide the load evenly to the connected footings.
Raft footing – In cases of heavy structures and poor soil pressure a large footing slab is provided for all columns. Such an arrangement is called raft footing. It is also favourable where the load is to be distributed over a large area and the depth is less.
 Raft footing is also called Mat Footing.
 Raft footing is mostly preferred in buildings where too many columns are to be erected and space is less.
 Raft footing is used to support storage equipment, silos, chimneys, cooling towers, storage tanks, various industrial structures, and buildings with basements.
Pile footing – In cases of deep foundation (depth of foundation more than 3 m) pile footing is preferred. In pile footing, piles (slender columns) of steel, reinforced concrete, or timber are inserted deep into the soil for load distribution.
 Mostly preferred in expansive black soil.
 A pile is either driven into the soil or formed on-site by excavating a hole and filling it with concrete.

Hope this video has helped you understand the basic types of footing and the difference between each one of them. Just in case you are building a house or any other structure, you can now have a detailed discussion with your contractor about the one that suits your structure the best.
Do tell us if this video was of help to you in the comment section below.
For more information read our detailed Article on Types of Fences: https://gharpedia.com/blog/various-ty...
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