Lesson 8: Cost Optimization at Scale - Kubernetes Production Mastery

Описание: Identify the five primary sources of Kubernetes cost waste, right-size resources using actual utilization data from Prometheus, and implement cost controls with ResourceQuotas, LimitRanges, Cluster Autoscaler, and spot instances.

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Summary:
• Five cost waste sources: over-provisioned resources (biggest), idle clusters running 24/7, load balancer proliferation, unnecessary service mesh complexity, and monitoring stack duplication
• Right-sizing uses Prometheus actual utilization data plus Vertical Pod Autoscaler (VPA) recommendations - most workloads request 3-5x what they actually use
• ResourceQuotas limit total namespace consumption, LimitRanges enforce per-pod defaults - prevent teams from requesting excessive resources
• Cluster Autoscaler scales nodes based on pending pods, combines with spot instances for 60-80% savings on non-critical workloads
• Dev/staging environments should use smaller node types, scheduled shutdown (nights/weekends), and shared clusters to reduce costs by 40-60%