Islamic Philosophy Episode 1 : Kalam and Islamic Philosophy (A Deep Introduction)

Описание: Thought Movements in the Islamic World: Kalam

Islamic philosophy, which is an important part of thought and scientific studies in the Islamic world, has a rich and deep history. However, before understanding the foundations of Islamic philosophy, it is necessary to understand the theological thought system called "kalam". Kalam is a critical component of the history of Islamic thought and aims to defend, explain and give meaning to religious beliefs.

Kalam literally means "word" or "speech" and is defined in Islamic terminology as a discipline that aims to defend the fundamental principles of belief such as the existence, unity, attributes and will of Allah through reason and logic. Theology, which emerged in the early periods of Islam, developed as a result of the encounter of Muslim thinkers with other religious and philosophical movements. In this process, Muslim scholars used theology to defend and explain their beliefs.

The main purpose of Kalam is to rationally base and defend the principles of faith of Islam. In this direction, theologians have tried to reveal the accuracy and consistency of Islamic beliefs both in internal discussions and in debates with other religious and philosophical systems. These efforts created a solid basis for the development of Islamic philosophy.

Discussions and studies on Islamic philosophy have been greatly influenced by the basic principles and methods of theology. While discussing philosophical issues, the arguments and methods put forward by theologians have often been referenced. Therefore, in order to understand Islamic philosophy, it is necessary to first know what kalam is, how it developed and what subjects it deals with.

The thought movements that emerged in the Islamic world have developed into three main streams: theology, Sufism and philosophy, in terms of their sources, problems and methods. It is accepted that theology and Sufism were formed depending on the internal dynamics of the Islamic society, while philosophy was brought to the Islamic world as a result of Muslims' relations with other faiths and cultures. The purpose of Kalam is to defend, explain and justify the principles of belief, which are essentially shaped by using rational methods. While this science and thought movement is among the transmitted sciences in terms of its purpose, it is also considered a rational science and thought movement in terms of its method.

In this video, we will discuss the birth, purposes and methods of kalam, one of the cornerstones of Islamic philosophy. We will examine the contributions of Kalam to Islamic thought and its role in the development of Islamic philosophy. As we step into the rich world of Islamic philosophy, we will better understand the intellectual heritage and perspective that theology offers us.