13.Cholelithiasis in AHN | Risk Factors, Complications, Management & Postoperative Care | NN4U

Описание: In this video, we explain Cholelithiasis (Gallstones) in a simple, systematic, and exam-focused manner.
This topic is very important for Adult Health Nursing / Medical-Surgical Nursing, and is frequently asked in B.Sc Nursing & GNM examinations.


1. Definition of Cholelithiasis

Cholelithiasis is a condition characterized by the formation of gallstones in the gallbladder due to imbalance in the composition of bile.


2. Types of Gallstones

Cholesterol stones
Pigment stones
Mixed stones


3. Etiology of Cholelithiasis

Supersaturation of bile with cholesterol
Stasis of bile
Infection of biliary tract
Metabolic factors


4. Pathophysiology of Cholelithiasis

Altered bile composition
Nucleation of cholesterol crystals
Stone formation in gallbladder
Obstruction of bile flow
Inflammation of gallbladder


5. Clinical Manifestations of Cholelithiasis

Right upper quadrant abdominal pain
Pain radiating to right shoulder
Nausea and vomiting
Indigestion and bloating
Jaundice (if bile duct obstruction occurs)


6. Diagnostic Evaluation

Abdominal ultrasound
Liver function tests
CT scan or MRI
Endoscopic procedures


7. Medical Management of Cholelithiasis

Analgesics for pain relief
Antispasmodics
Oral bile acid therapy
Dietary modification


8. Surgical Management

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Open cholecystectomy (selected cases)


9. Postoperative Nursing Management of Cholelithiasis

✔ Monitor vital signs and pain level
✔ Assess surgical wound and drainage
✔ Encourage early ambulation
✔ Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
✔ Administer prescribed medications
✔ Provide deep breathing and coughing exercises
✔ Educate patient on diet and lifestyle changes
✔ Observe for postoperative complications



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