5G Cell Search Procedure,GSCN,ARFCN Calculation and SSB

Описание: 5G UE Power ON or Cell search Procedure

Today, we will be discussing how a User Equipment (UE) finds a 5G cell after being switched on. This topic is of utmost importance if you genuinely wish to comprehend the process of searching for a 5G cell.
When you first power on your device, it attempts to detect and connect to a new cell. The UE mobile has no prior knowledge of which frequency to use for camping. Hence, it performs a blind search. Let's explore two types of frequency scans: SLS (Storage List Search) and FBS (Full Band Search).
SLS involves checking and scanning the frequencies stored in the mobile before the Cell Jammer ON (CJON). In other words, the mobile might have stored certain frequencies it previously used to camp on a cell. If no suitable physical cell ID is found during the SLS search, the UE initiates a FBS search. In this case, it scans all frequencies in the entire band.
For instance, let's assume your device supports 5G bands n1, n25, and n66. During the scan, UE will utilize NR ARFCN (Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number) ranges for each band:
• Band n1: ARFCN range is from 422000-434000. (2110 MHz-2170 MHz)
• Band n25: ARFCN range is from 386000 - 399000. (1930 Mhz-1995 MHz)
• Band n66: ARFCN range is from 422000 - 440000. (2110 MHz-2200 MHz)
The primary objective of the UE is to find a suitable physical cell ID to connect to the cell. In the initial step, the UE tunes to each supported channel and measures RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator), which represents the energy power it can detect. This measurement does not involve any channel coding process, and the UE does not attempt to decode the synchronization or reference signal at this stage. It merely measures the power of each channel and creates a list of channel numbers along with their corresponding RSSI values.
In the next step, the UE analyzes the list from the previous step and identifies all channels with RSSI values greater than the threshold value.
The threshold value depends on the UE chipset implementation and is not determined by 3GPP. Subsequently, the UE narrows down the list to these selected frequencies.
In summary, the UE's main goal is to efficiently identify a suitable physical cell ID to establish a connection with the 5G cell. The process involves careful scanning, measurement, and analysis of available frequencies to ensure a successful connection.


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