Mandible / Lower jaw Bone/

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Introduction to the Mandible (2:20): The mandible is identified as the largest and strongest bone in the face (2:38). It forms the lower jaw and houses the lower teeth (3:51). The video emphasizes its unique mobility within the skull (3:03).
• Anatomical Parts (7:41): The mandible is primarily divided into two main parts:
• Body (8:08): This is the horizontal, U-shaped portion (4:30) that contains the dental sockets where the lower teeth are situated (9:06).
• Ramus (9:50): These are two vertical parts (4:38) that extend upwards from the body, featuring various processes like the condylar process (10:31) (also known as the condyloid process (10:48)) and the coronoid process (10:47). These processes are crucial for muscle attachment and articulation with the temporal bone (5:08), forming the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) (5:24).
• Landmarks (13:10): The video points out specific anatomical landmarks on the mandible, including:
• Alveolar process (13:22): The ridge that holds the teeth.
• Mental foramen (14:54) and mandibular foramen (15:44): Openings for nerves and blood vessels supplying the teeth, lips, and gums.
• Mandibular notch (16:10) (also called the sigmoid notch (16:13)): A U-shaped depression between the condylar and coronoid processes.
• Muscular Attachments (17:40): Several muscles attach to the mandible, facilitating its various movements:
• Masseter muscle (18:20): A powerful muscle responsible for chewing.
• Buccinator muscle (19:48): Involved in sucking and keeping food in the oral cavity.
• Lateral and medial pterygoid muscles (20:53): Essential for jaw opening, closing, and side-to-side movements.
• Temporalis muscle (23:09): A fan-shaped muscle assisting in chewing.
• Mylohyoid muscle (24:41) and geniohyoid muscle (26:07): Muscles that form the floor of the mouth and aid in swallowing and speech.
• Genioglossus muscle
• Functions (26:33): The primary functions of the mandible include:
• Chewing and mastication (26:42).
• Speaking and singing (26:55).
• Facial expressions (27:31).
• Supporting the lower teeth (28:02).