energy economist | SEISMIC SURVEY in finding oil and gas

Описание: This technique uses a sonic instrument over a desired site to correctly locate the prospective basin structure.
In this method, a sound signal generated by the explosion method is transmitted through the earth’s surface
under study and reflected signals are detected by geophones located at specified positions.
The frequency and time of the reflected signal varies with the density, porosity, and the type of reflecting surface.
Various rock deposits at different depths vary with density and porosity.
Seismic reflection can measure this change as it travels below the surface.
Computer simulation software is used for imaging the sub-surface structure.
This is applied to all the surveys for fast and accurate prediction about the oil and gas reserve location,
well before a site is finally selected for drilling operations.
It is to be noted that exploration has to be deterministic, but the availability of oil and gas is estimated based on probability.
Seismic methods are based on determinations of the time interval
that elapses between the initiation of a sound wave from detonation of a dynamite charge
or other artificial shock and the arrival of the vibration impulses at a series of seismic detectors (geophones).
The arrivals are amplified and recorded along with time marks (0.01 sec intervals) to give the seismogram.
The method depends upon whether (1) the velocity within each of the layers penetrated at depth is greater than that in the layers above;
(2) the layers are bounded by plane surfaces; and (3) the material within each layer is essentially homogeneous.
The seismograph measures the shock waves from explosions initiated by triggering small controlled charges of explosives at the bottom of shallow holes in the ground.
The formation depth is determined by the time elapsed between the explosion and detection of the reflected wave at the surface.
The depths and media reached by seismic waves depend on the distance between shot point and receiving points.
Economic study of Oil and Gas Exploration
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