The American Court System | Forensic Accounting |FSWD | SNS INTITUTIONS

Описание: 📘 YouTube Video Description: The American Court System | Forensic Accounting

This video explains Topic 2 – The American Court System, an important foundation topic in Forensic Accounting for B.Sc Computer Science (Full Stack Web Development) students. The lesson introduces the structure, history, features, and working of the American judiciary in a clear and student-friendly manner. Understanding the court system is essential for forensic accounting students because financial fraud cases, corporate disputes, and white-collar crimes are ultimately resolved through courts.

The video begins with an introduction to the American Court System. The American judiciary follows a dual court system, consisting of federal courts and state courts. Both systems function independently but together uphold justice, protect individual rights, and interpret laws. Courts operate at multiple levels, starting from local trial courts and moving up to the United States Supreme Court, the highest court in the country. This structure ensures a balance of power between state governments and the federal government and forms one of the pillars of American democracy.

Next, the video discusses the historical development of the American Court System. The system is deeply influenced by English Common Law traditions. During the colonial period, courts operated using British legal structures mixed with local customs. After independence, between 1776 and 1789, the Articles of Confederation failed to create a national judiciary. This resulted in judicial inconsistencies across states. To solve this problem, the U.S. Constitution established a uniform federal court system, bringing consistency and fairness to the administration of justice.

The video then explains the key features of the American Court System. One major feature is the dual structure, where federal and state courts have separate jurisdictions. Another important feature is the hierarchical structure, where cases move from trial courts to appellate courts and finally to supreme courts. The system follows an adversarial process, in which two opposing parties present arguments before a neutral judge or jury. Judicial review allows courts to declare laws unconstitutional, ensuring constitutional supremacy. Jury trials enable citizen participation, and due process protection ensures fairness, legal rights, and lawful procedures for all parties.

Several important subtopics are covered in this video. These include the difference between federal and state jurisdiction, the structure of federal courts and state courts, criminal versus civil cases, the role of judges and juries, the appeals process, and the functions of the Supreme Court. Special emphasis is given to constitutional rights and due process, along with judicial review, explained through the landmark case Marbury v. Madison.

To help students understand practical application, the video provides a clear example. A person files a lawsuit against a company located in another state for $100,000. Since the parties are from different states, the case falls under diversity jurisdiction and is heard in a U.S. Federal District Court. If either party is dissatisfied with the decision, the case can be appealed to the Circuit Court of Appeals, and finally, a petition can be made to the U.S. Supreme Court. This example shows how cases move through different court levels.

The video also uses a linear search analogy to simplify understanding. Although courts do not use algorithms, the step-by-step movement of a case is similar to a linear search. A legal issue moves sequentially through local courts, trial courts, appellate courts, and finally the Supreme Court. At each stage, the court “checks” for errors, fairness, and constitutional issues before moving forward.

The real-life applications of the American Court System are also discussed. In criminal justice, courts protect the rights of defendants and victims. In civil disputes, they resolve issues related to contracts, property, family law, and personal injuries. Courts play a major role in protecting constitutional freedoms such as speech, religion, and equality. In business and commerce, courts handle corporate disputes, bankruptcy cases, and taxation matters. Supreme Court decisions also influence national laws and public policy.

A mind map is included to visually explain the structure of the American Court System, showing the relationship between federal courts, state courts, case types, and constitutional protections. To make learning interactive, a puzzle activity is provided where students match court terms with their correct descriptions, reinforcing key concepts.


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