Basic Timer Circuit | Beginners Project | No IC No 555 Timer!

Описание: A timer circuit using a *capacitor, transistor, and relay* works on the principle of capacitor charging and discharging. When power is applied, the capacitor begins to charge through a resistor, creating a time delay based on the RC time constant. Initially, the capacitor voltage is low, so the transistor remains **OFF**, keeping the relay de-energized. As the capacitor charges and its voltage reaches the transistor’s base threshold, the transistor switches **ON**, allowing current to flow through the relay coil. This activates the relay contacts, turning ON an external load after the preset delay. By selecting different resistor and capacitor values, you can control how long the timer waits before switching the relay. This simple RC–transistor timer is commonly used in delay start circuits, light timers, and DIY automation projects.

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