What is Maven in Java?

Описание: Maven is an open-source build automation and project management tool widely used for Java applications. 
As a build automation tool, it automates the source code compilation and dependency management, assembles binary codes into packages, and executes test scripts. 
A POM is the basement of the Maven framework. It’s a type of XML file that accommodates data from your project and the configuration details. It includes the project, group ID, POM model version, artifact ID (project ID), and version.
The project is the key element of your XML file. Group ID means the ID of the group to which your project belongs. Here, the version informs you about the number of your project releases.
The Maven repository stores all your projects’ jars, plugins, library jars, other artifacts, and the dependencies are the third-party software required by your project. You will find three types of repositories in Maven – local, central, and remote. The local repository stores all the Maven dependencies. 
The Maven community handles the central repository. If you don’t find a dependency in your local repo, you can find it in the central repo. Again the developers can utilize their customized repository. That is known as the remote repository.

The Maven plugins add goals to your projects. The goals represent the functionalities of the plugins – what it can do for your project.
The build lifecycle is made up of different phases. The default lifecycle consists of the following phases:
Validate: It authorizes your project’s correctness and ensures necessary data are available.
Compile: It compiles the source code of your project.
Test: It tests your compiled source codes with the unit testing frameworks.
Package: In this phase, your source code will be packaged as a deliverable.
Verify: It ensures your code’s quality with an integration test.
Install: Your code will be installed in the local repository.
Deploy: Finally, the code is ready to share with the other developers