Spanner vs CockroachDB: Distributed SQL in 60 Seconds

Описание: How do global databases stay consistent at scale? Quick breakdown:

Spanner: TrueTime (GPS+atomic clocks) + Paxos → external consistency, strong reads/writes, bounded-staleness reads. Managed on Google Cloud.
CockroachDB: Raft + MVCC + Hybrid Logical Clocks → serializable by default, Postgres-compatible, geo-partitioning, multi-cloud/self-hosted.
Design trade-offs: latency vs consistency, data locality, quorum writes, survivability across regions.
Use cases: global OLTP, multi-region SaaS, compliance/data residency, zero-downtime schema changes.
Tips: place data near users, tune leaseholders/partitions, monitor tail latency and replica health.

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