SGD On Hay's Sulfur Test for Bile Salts: Biochemistry Practical & VIVA Guide | MBBS

Описание: In this Biochemistry practical session at Santiniketan Medical College & Hospital, we demonstrate Hay's Sulfur Test, a qualitative method for detecting Bile Salts in a urine sample. This tutorial is an essential resource for 1st-year MBBS students (2025-2026 Batch) and medical lab technology students preparing for practical exams and "Grand Viva" assessments.

Key Learning Objectives:

Bile Salts Identification: Identifying the Sodium and Potassium salts of Glycocholate and Taurocholate [04:24].

Principle of the Test: Understanding how bile salts reduce surface tension, allowing sulfur powder to sink [05:40].

Practical Demonstration: Step-by-step guide on the 2/3 test tube filling method and correct sulfur sprinkling technique [23:03].

Clinical Correlations: Differentiating between Pre-hepatic, Hepatic, and Obstructive Jaundice based on bile salt presence [06:17].

Theoretical Concepts: Brief review of Benedict's Test (Reducing Sugars), Heat Coagulation (Proteins), and Rothera's Test (Ketones) [33:02].

Renal Threshold Discussion: Why the standard 180 mg/dL threshold for glucose varies in clinical practice [30:58].

Timestamp Navigation:

[00:10] Review of previous analytes: Sugar, Protein, Ketones, Blood.

[03:09] Introduction to the Hay's Sulfur Test.

[04:24] Naming the Bile Salts: Glycocholate & Taurocholate.

[05:40] The Principle: Surface tension and the role of sulfur powder.

[06:17] Clinical Significance: Obstructive vs. Pre-hepatic Jaundice.

[08:06] Role in Emulsification of Fat and Micelle formation.

[09:20] Why use Sulfur? The importance of chemical inertness.

[10:54] Demonstration: Using Distilled Water as a Control.

[17:16] Benedict's Reagent: Breakdown of Sodium Citrate, Sodium Carbonate, and Copper Sulfate.

[23:03] Step-by-Step Procedure: How to avoid false positives.

[30:58] Clinical Insight: Why some patients with 200 mg/dL glucose show negative Benedict's results.

[37:33] Discussion on Uncontrolled Diabetes and Ketone bodies.


SANTINIKETAN MEDICAL COLLEGE & HOSPITAL
Real Classroom Demonstration/Lecture
On: BIOCHEMISTRY by Dr. Karan Pal Singh
(MBBS Batch: 2025-26)
Conducted on: 16-01-26