Nucleic Acids Explained | DNA & RNA Structure,Types and Functions
Автор: Fakirsir
Загружено: 2026-01-20
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Definition
Nucleic acids are large biological macromolecules that store, transmit, and express genetic information in all living organisms and many viruses. They control heredity, protein synthesis, and cellular activities.
Types of Nucleic Acids
There are two main types:
1. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
Genetic material of most living organisms
Stores hereditary information
Located mainly in the nucleus (also in mitochondria and chloroplasts)
2. RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
Involved in protein synthesis
Found in nucleus and cytoplasm
Acts as a messenger and functional molecule
Basic Unit: Nucleotide
Nucleic acids are polymers made up of nucleotides.
Each nucleotide consists of:
Nitrogenous base
Pentose sugar
Phosphate group
Nitrogenous Bases
Purines (double ring)
Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
Pyrimidines (single ring)
Cytosine (C)
Thymine (T) → DNA only
Uracil (U) → RNA only
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