Cell Membrane Potentials | Conduction of Action Potential: Heart

Описание: Dive into the fascinating world of cell membrane potentials with this video! 🌊 A cell membrane is a fluid structure that surrounds intracellular components, and it's polarized with positive and negative charges due to ions and other particles inside and outside the cell.

The charged nature of the cell membrane is crucial for transport mechanisms. Let's explore the basics of electrophysiology! ⚡️

▬ 📃 Electrophysiology
To understand cell membrane potential, brush up on some basic physiology concepts:

👉 Ion Concentration
The difference in ion distribution makes the cell membrane polarized. Sodium and chloride ions dominate the extracellular fluid, while potassium ions and negatively charged molecules dominate the intracellular fluid.

👉 Charge Distribution
Ions are charged particles. At rest, more positively charged ions are outside the cell than inside.

👉 Electrical Potential
Separated by the plasma membrane, charged particles have opposite polarity and the potential to do work. This is called electrical potential. 🌟

👉 Biological Electricity
Our bodies generate electrical currents and potentials, essential for life processes like neuronal signaling, heart muscle contractions, muscle movement, and glucose transport. ❤️

▬ 📜 Resting Membrane Potential
Established due to differences in ion concentration and permeability across the cell membrane.

▬ 📃 Concentration & Electrical Gradient
The concentration gradient drives ions in and out of the cell. The electrical gradient creates a charge difference across the membrane, known as the electrochemical gradient.

▬ 📜 Nernst Equation
Used to calculate the potential of each ion. For sodium, it's 61.5 times the log of the ion concentration outside divided by inside the cell.

▬ 📃 Action Potential
A local change in voltage initiated by neurotransmitters. Ions flow, generating an action potential with five phases:
📍Resting membrane potential
📍Threshold: The necessary intensity for action potential propagation.
📍Rising phase (depolarization): Sodium influx makes the cell positively charged.
📍Falling phase (repolarization): Sodium channels close, potassium channels open, restoring polarity.
📍Recovery phase: Returns to resting potential after hyperpolarization.

Action potentials travel over the entire surface of excitable cells, an all-or-nothing phenomenon. 🚀

▬ 📜 Conduction of Action Potential
Essential for life processes, differing in neurons and heart muscles due to structural makeup.

▬ 📃 Neuron
Initiated when dendrites receive a signal, conducting it through voltage-gated ion channels. The resting potential is roughly -70 mV, and action potential is triggered at about -55 mV.

▬ 📜 Heart
Action potentials by pacemaker cells and contractile myocytes. The SA node is the heart's main pacemaker, creating action potentials that travel through atria myocytes via gap junctions, electrically coupling nearby cells.

For a detailed understanding, watch the video! 🎥

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