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Plant hormones, or phytohormones, are natural chemical messengers that regulate a plant's growth and development. For the NEET exam, you should know the five major types—auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid (ABA), and ethylene—and their distinct functions. Auxins promote cell elongation, gibberellins break seed dormancy and promote stem growth, cytokinins stimulate cell division, ABA induces dormancy and stress responses, and ethylene regulates fruit ripening and leaf abscission.
Types and Functions of Plant Hormones
Auxins
Functions: Promote cell elongation and differentiation, root and stem elongation, and induce fruit development (parthenocarpy). They also suppress the growth of lateral buds, leading to apical dominance.
Gibberellins (GAs)
Functions: Stimulate seed germination and breaking of bud dormancy, promote stem elongation, and enhance fruit growth.
Cytokinins
Functions: Promote cell division and growth, delay the aging of leaves, stimulate stomatal opening, and influence fruit growth.
Abscisic Acid (ABA)
Functions: Induces dormancy in seeds and buds, promotes the closing of stomata, causes wilting and falling of leaves, and generally inhibits growth.
Ethylene
Functions: Promotes the ripening of fruits, the falling of leaves, and can also help in breaking bud dormancy.
Classification for NEET
Plant hormones are broadly categorized into two groups for the NEET exam:
Plant Growth Promoters: Auxins, Gibberellins, and Cytokinins.
Plant Growth Inhibitors: Abscisic Acid and, in some cases, Ethylene.
Key Concepts for NEET Preparation
Site of Synthesis: Hormones are produced in small quantities in specific areas of the plant, such as the meristems.
Movement and Action: Once synthesized, they are transported to other plant parts where they exert their effects.
Interactions: These hormones often work in complex, coordinated ways, with some having antagonistic (opposite) effects, like ABA and gibberellins.
Regulation: Plants can also break down hormones to eliminate their effects, demonstrating sophisticated regulatory processes.
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plant growth and development chapter 13

Plant growth regulators are variously described as plant growth substances, plant hormones or phytohormones in literature. The PGRs can be broadly divided ...
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What is a plant hormone ? Name four plant hormones. State one function ...
What is a plant hormone ? Name four plant hormones. State one function of each.
The hormones that control and coordinate the activities in plants are called plant hormones. The four types of plant hormones are: i Auxins –