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Описание: Bitter gourd, also known as bitter melon, is a tropical and subtropical vegetable known for its unique bitter taste. If you're interested in bitter gourd farming, consider the following tips:

1. *Climate:* Bitter gourd thrives in warm and humid climates. It requires temperatures between 77°F and 95°F (25°C to 35°C) for optimal growth.

2. *Soil:* Well-drained, fertile soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0 to 7.0) is suitable for bitter gourd cultivation. Adding organic matter can improve soil fertility.

3. *Propagation:* Bitter gourd is typically grown from seeds. Seeds can be directly sown in the field or started indoors and transplanted once the seedlings are robust.

4. *Planting:* Space the bitter gourd plants adequately to allow proper air circulation. Plant them in rows with a distance of 3 to 4 feet between plants.

5. *Watering:* Bitter gourd plants need regular watering, especially during dry periods. However, be cautious not to overwater, as they are susceptible to root diseases.

6. *Fertilization:* Apply a balanced fertilizer during the growing season. Too much nitrogen can result in excessive foliage growth at the expense of fruit production.

7. *Support:* Bitter gourd plants are climbing vines and benefit from support structures such as trellises. This helps in better aeration and makes harvesting easier.

8. *Pest and Disease Management:* Keep an eye out for pests like aphids and mites. Practice crop rotation to minimize soil-borne diseases. Neem oil or organic pesticides can be used if needed.

9. *Harvesting:* Bitter gourds are typically ready for harvest 2-3 months after planting. Harvest regularly to encourage continuous fruiting. The fruits are best when young and tender.

10. *Post-harvest Care:* Handle the harvested bitter gourds with care to avoid bruising. Store them in a cool, dry place or the refrigerator for longer shelf life.

Remember that successful bitter gourd farming requires attention to detail and consistent care throughout the growing season.