How to Find Term Symbol from Electronic Configuration ?🧪😊👍 | One Minute Chemistry

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This video help you to identify the term symbols for the d electronic configuration. You will calculate from orbital angular momentum (L), Total spin multiplicity (S), Total angular momentum J. The d electron is calculated for metal complex from oxidation state of metal. The eigen states of the Hamiltonian for the atom labelled by the term symbols. You will complete term symbols within a minute.

Term symbols are a concise way of representing the electronic states of atoms or ions. They provide information about the total spin, total orbital angular momentum, and the total angular momentum of the electrons in the system.

Components of a Term Symbol:

2S+1: This superscript represents the spin multiplicity.
S is the total spin quantum number, which is the sum of the individual spin quantum numbers (s) of all the electrons.

2S+1 gives the number of possible orientations of the total spin.

L: This subscript represents the total orbital angular momentum.
L is the sum of the individual orbital angular momentum quantum numbers (l) of all the electrons.
L is represented by capital letters: S (L=0), P (L=1), D (L=2), F (L=3), etc.

J: This subscript represents the total angular momentum.
J is the vector sum of L and S: J = |L ± S|.
J can take integer values from |L - S| to |L + S|.

Applications of Term Symbols:

Spectroscopy: Term symbols are used to interpret and predict spectroscopic transitions.

Quantum Chemistry: Term symbols are used in quantum mechanical calculations to describe the electronic states of molecules.

Solid-State Physics: Term symbols are used to understand the electronic properties of materials.

Term Symbols and the Russell-Saunders Coupling Scheme
Term symbols are often derived using the Russell-Saunders coupling scheme, which assumes that the spin-orbit interaction is weak compared to the electrostatic repulsion between electrons. In this scheme, the individual electron spins and orbital angular momenta are first coupled to give the total spin (S) and total orbital angular momentum (L), and then these two quantities are coupled to give the total angular momentum (J).

Term Symbols and Selection Rules
Term symbols are also important in understanding selection rules for spectroscopic transitions. These rules determine which transitions are allowed and which are forbidden based on the change in quantum numbers between the initial and final states. For example, in electric dipole transitions, the following selection rules apply:
ΔS = 0: The total spin quantum number must remain unchanged.
ΔL = ±1: The total orbital angular momentum quantum number can change by ±1.
ΔJ = 0, ±1: The total angular momentum quantum number can change by 0 or ±1, except for transitions between states with J = 0.

Term Symbols and Energy Levels
Term symbols can also be used to understand the energy levels of atoms and ions. In general, states with higher values of J have higher energies. However, there are also other factors that can influence the energy levels, such as electron-electron repulsion and spin-orbit coupling.


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