Cultural Rights, Remedies & Exceptions (pol-g2.12) || Indian Polity

Описание: #indianpolity #indianpolitybylaxmikant #indianconstitution #upscpolity Cultural Rights, Remedies & Exceptions: (Indian Polity and Constitution) [1. Protection of Minorities (Art 29): Distinct language/script/culture, Right to conserve, Non-discrimination in admission, Scope (Religious/Linguistic), Section of citizens vs Minorities, 2. Minority Educational Institutions (Art 30): Right to establish and administer, Compensation for property acquisition, Aid discrimination prohibition, TMA Pai Foundation case, P.A. Inamdar case, 3. Right to Constitutional Remedies (Art 32): Heart and Soul of Constitution, Power of Supreme Court, Locus Standi evolution, Res Judicata application, Suspension during Emergency, 4. Writs Types and Scope: Habeas Corpus (Personal liberty), Mandamus (Public duty), Prohibition (Judicial/Quasi-judicial), Certiorari (Cure/Prevention), Quo-Warranto (Public office), 5. Armed Forces and FRs (Art 33): Parliament’s power to restrict, Court martial exclusion from writ jurisdiction, Police Forces (Restriction of Rights) Act, Intelligence organizations coverage, 6. Martial Law (Art 34): Indemnity act, Validation of acts, Martial law vs National Emergency, Suspension of habeas corpus debate, AFSPA relationship, 7. Savings of Laws (Art 31A, 31B, 31C): Agrarian reforms protection, Ninth Schedule immunity (I.R. Coelho case), Effecting DPSP (39b/39c), Primacy of DPSP over FRs, 8. Rights Outside Part III: Property (Art 300A), Trade and Commerce (Art 301), Vote (Art 326), Constitutional rights vs Fundamental rights distinction]