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Описание: The Roles and Responsibilities of District Collector and Joint Collector
The office of the District Collector is the most pivotal role in district administration. This position has a long historical lineage, originating in 1772 under the East India Company. Initially, the primary focus of this office was solely the collection of land revenue.

Historical Evolution
1772: The post of District Collector was created.

1786: Additional administrative responsibilities were assigned.

1787: Magisterial powers were granted, leading to the designation of District Magistrate.

Post-1950: After the Indian Constitution came into effect on January 26, 1950, the role underwent significant transformations, evolving into the Chief Administrative Officer and Executive Magistrate of the district.

Key Duties of the District Collector
The Collector acts as a bridge between the Government and the public, coordinating various departments including Revenue, Agriculture, Horticulture, Sericulture, Electricity, Medical/Health, Education, and Housing.

1. Administrative Coordination & Supervision
The Collector supervises all district-level department heads. They conduct review meetings, monitor progress, and ensure that government funds reach the public effectively. If irregularities are found, the Collector has the authority to recommend disciplinary action to the government.

2. Welfare & Development (DRDA)
As the Chairman of the District Rural Development Agency (DRDA), the Collector oversees:

Rural development schemes and poverty alleviation.

Subsidies for agriculture and allied sectors.

Implementation of welfare programs through SC, ST, and BC Corporations.

Release and utilization of government funds for marginalized communities.

3. Law, Order & Magisterial Powers
As the District Magistrate, the Collector:

Inspects police stations and monitors the law and order situation.

Supervises district jails and ensures prisoner welfare.

Grants Parole to prisoners in cases of illness or family bereavement.

Conducts inquiries into custodial deaths or suspicious occurrences in prisons.

4. Licensing Authority
Except for RTO-related licenses, the Collector is the issuing authority for:

Arms/Gun licenses.

Rice mills and wholesale trade licenses.

Petroleum and Gas station licenses.

The power to cancel these licenses if rules are violated.

5. Land Acquisition
The Collector acts as the Land Acquisition Officer for government or private projects.

Under the Right to Fair Compensation (2013 Central Act) and the 2018 AP Land Acquisition Act, they ensure farmers receive fair market value.

They facilitate "Consent Awards" and manage the process from initial application to final compensation payment.

Election and Special Duties
District Election Officer: Manages the entire election process—from voter list preparation and polling station setup to training staff and declaring results.

Census Nodal Officer: Conducts the decadal census, overseeing staff recruitment, training, and logistics.

Civil Supplies: Ensures essential commodities reach cardholders without black-marketing or illegal transport.

Disaster Management: During floods, fires, or earthquakes, the Collector leads relief operations, manages emergency funds, and coordinates medical and food supplies.

The Role of the Joint Collector (JC)
The Joint Collector is a senior IAS officer appointed by the State Government to assist the Collector. While the Collector oversees the entire district, the JC focuses on specific heavy-duty verticals.

Revenue Specialist: Handles almost all land-related issues and revenue records.

Appellate Authority: Acts as the primary office for appeals against orders passed by the RDO (Revenue Divisional Officer) regarding land pattas, passbooks, or land acquisition.

Public Systems: Manages the Housing Corporation, Civil Supplies, and specific wings of Education and Health.

Election & Census Support: Shares the massive workload of election management and census data collection.

Disciplinary Oversight: Monitors the performance of Tahsildars and RDOs, ensuring revenue records are maintained accurately.

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