File Handling in Java

Описание: File handling in Java refers to the process of interacting with files on a computer's file system, enabling programs to store, retrieve, and manage data persistently. It involves operations such as creating, reading, writing, updating, and deleting files and directories.

Key Components:
java.io package: Provides fundamental classes for stream-based I/O operations, including File, FileInputStream, FileOutputStream, FileReader, FileWriter, BufferedReader, and BufferedWriter. These classes handle byte streams (for binary data) and character streams (for text data).
java.nio.file package (NIO.2): Introduced in Java 7, offers a more modern and efficient API for file system operations. It includes classes like Path, Files, and FileSystem, providing enhanced capabilities for managing files and directories, including symbolic links, file attributes, and atomic operations.

Core Operations:
Creating/Deleting Files and Directories: Using File or Files classes to create new files or directories, and delete() or deleteIfExists() methods to remove them.
Reading from Files: Employing FileInputStream, FileReader, or BufferedReader to read data from a file, either byte by byte or character by character, or line by line.

Writing to Files: Utilizing FileOutputStream, FileWriter, or BufferedWriter to write data to a file, similarly using bytes, characters, or lines.

Managing File Attributes: Accessing and modifying properties like file size, last modified time, read/write permissions using File or Files methods.
Importance:

File handling is crucial for applications that require data persistence, enabling them to store and retrieve information even after the program terminates, facilitating data sharing and management.