Deep venous thrombos,Pulmonary Embolism - Everything You Need To Know - Dr. Nabil Ebraheim

Описание: Dr. Ebraheim’s educational animated video describes the condition of Pulmonary Embolism (PE), reviews the signs and symptoms, the diagnostic tests, and the treatment options.
Occurs in about 700,000 people within the united states every year! 200,000 of these cases may be fatal. Death may occur due to lethal blood clot within the lung. Death may be sudden and it may also occur in healthy, young people.
Pulmonary embolism may even occur when a patient is receiving anticoagulation therapy. Early diagnosis and treatment are the most important factors for survival of the patient. due to the amount of cases of death involving pulmonary embolism, it is clearly difficult to prevent PE from occurring. It is important to increase awareness of the possibility for pulmonary embolism. It is important to think about the possibility of PE occurring in order to diagnose it early and treat it early. If the patient had surgery on the knee or hip and is experiencing chest pain, it is very serious matter and the patient should come to the hospital immediately. If we cannot prevent PE, it is important to diagnose PE early and treat PE early.
The origin of PE is debatable. Some people believe that a clot in the lung begins as a clot in the calf of the leg (DVT). This blood clot then travels from the leg to the right side of the heart, then moving to the lung through the pulmonary artery. If the blood clot blocks the pulmonary artery, this may cause death. Another theory states that the blood clot originated in the pulmonary artery itself and did not travel from the leg. Genetics are believed to play a role a role in development of blood clots. We found more than fifteen known genetic variations that can cause the clotting disorders.
Most common clotting disorders include:
•Factor V Leiden
•Protein S deficiency
•Protein C deficiency
What we know about pulmonary embolism (PE)
•PE may cause death
•We cannot prevent it completely
•We can diagnose it early and treat it early.
We know the blood clot will either form within the pulmonary artery itself or from within the deep veins of the leg and travel to the lung. There are some genetic problems that contribute to the cause PE (Factor V Leiden, thrombophilia, protein S & protein C deficiency).
The first theory states that the clot forms in the deep veins of the calf in the lower leg and then travels to the lung. People say that if we prevent blood clots from forming the leg, then PE will not occur. They start identifying the risk factors and begin prophylaxis from preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
There are three factors that are thought to contribute to the development of deep venous thrombosis
1-Endothelial injury: damage to the inner lining of the blood vessels (endothelium) from surgery or trauma.
2-Venous stasis: venous stasis is a condition of slow blood flow in the veins usually of the legs. Caused due to surgery or immobility such as with long car or airplane ride.
3-Hypercoagulability: refers to an increased risk of thrombosis (blood clots). Hypercoagulabnility may occur due to genetic factors.
One of the triads may contribute more than the others. Virchow’s triad.
These conditions will show up as symptoms of pain, swelling and cramps in the legs. If these symptoms occur, the patient needs to go to the hospital. Sometimes PE occurs without there first being DVT. If a pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs and there are warning signs, at this point the patient should be sent to the hospital. The earliest signs of PE are:
•Tachypnea
•Shortness of breath (often suddenly)
•Chest pain
•Dizziness
•Syncope
•Lightheadedness
•Anxiety.
Think about the worst case scenario! Think that the patient may be suffering from PE and don’t waste time. Seek medical attention or send the patient to the hospital immediately.
30% of acute PE patients will die if not diagnosed and treated immediately. If you have the correct diagnosis and treatment, 11% of the pateints will die within the first hour and there is an 8% mortality rate after the first hour. A high index of suspicion, early diagnosis and treatment is really important in saddle anesthesia where the majority of pateints die unless theyt are diagnosed and aggressive treatment is initiated.
In the hospital, certain studies may be done usch as an arterial blood gas (ABG) test, chest x-ray, ultrasound of the legs, ventilation-perfusion scan (VQ), or helical computed axial tomography scan (CAT scan or CT scan). Therapy will be initiated with heparin to prevent more blood clots from occurring. This is usually followed up with the long term use of Coumadin or some other blood thinner.

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