Narco Analysis Test: What It Is, How It Differs from Polygraph Tests, and Legal Position in India

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Narco tests, also known as narco analysis tests, are a unique form of forensic investigation that involves administering a drug to the subject to induce a hypnotic or sedated state. Let’s explore the details:

What Is a Narco Test?
In a narco analysis test, a drug called sodium pentothal (also known as sodium thiopental) is injected into the accused’s body.
This drug transports the individual to a hypnotic or sedated state, effectively neutralizing their imagination.
While in this state, the accused is believed to be incapable of lying and is expected to reveal true information.
Sodium pentothal is a fast-acting, short-duration anesthetic used in larger doses during surgeries.
Historically, it gained notoriety as a “truth serum” and was reportedly used by intelligence operatives during World War II.
How Does It Differ from a Polygraph Test?
A polygraph test (commonly known as a lie detector test) operates on a different principle.
In a polygraph test, physiological responses (such as blood pressure, pulse rate, and respiration) are measured while the suspect is questioned.
The assumption is that these physiological changes differ when a person is lying compared to when they are telling the truth.
Unlike narco tests, polygraph tests do not involve injecting drugs; instead, they use instruments attached to the suspect’s body.
Legal Position in India:
In the Selvi vs. State of Karnataka & Anr Case (2010), the Supreme Court ruled that narco tests should not be administered without the consent of the accused.
The court emphasized the fundamental right against self-incrimination under Article 20(3) of the Constitution.
The National Human Rights Commission’s guidelines for administering polygraph tests must also be strictly followed.
Recent Context:
Wrestlers protesting at Jantar Mantar in Delhi have expressed their willingness to undergo narco analysis tests.
They insist that the tests should be monitored by the Supreme Court and broadcast live for the entire country to witness.
This demand arises in the context of allegations of sexual harassment and exploitation within the Wrestling Federation of India (WFI).
In summary, narco tests are a controversial investigative tool, and their use must be guided by legal and ethical considerations. While they aim to extract truthful information, concerns about privacy, human dignity, and potential misuse persist