Michael Faraday and the Electric Spark | AMS OpenMind

Описание: Newton, Lavoisier, Darwin… What do they have in common? They all came from wealthy families. But Faraday, a young working-class man, not only joined this elite club of scientists but also unveiled one of science’s greatest mysteries. 🌟

Born into a humble family, Michael Faraday faced the harshness of 19th-century English society. While working in a bookstore, he studied science through the books he read. 📚 He also attended lectures by Humphry Davy on chemistry and electricity, which fascinated him. Faraday wrote a book summarizing these lectures, impressing Davy so much that he hired Faraday as a laboratory assistant. 🧪

Faraday learned about the debate on magnetism and its relationship with electricity. Scientists imagined them as different fluids moving through air and wires until Ørsted discovered that a current passing through a wire could move a nearby compass. Thus, electricity and magnetism had to be related. 🔋

After Davy’s accident, Faraday conducted his own experiments. He hypothesized that electricity might be a kind of vibration traveling through the air like magnetism. He designed an experiment with an iron ring and two coils. Connecting one coil to a battery, he saw that turning it on and off generated an electric current in the other coil. Faraday deduced that the coil emitted magnetic vibrations traveling through the ring, inducing electricity in the other wire. ⚡

But if varying magnetic vibrations caused the second current, why not use a magnet directly? Faraday moved a magnet through the coil and generated electricity! He discovered magnetic induction and, in 1831, built the first dynamo, a way to convert motion into electricity. This popularized electricity, democratizing its use and making it available everywhere.
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