Shaksgam Valley Dispute Explained: Why India Rejects China-Pakistan’s Illegal 1963 Border Agreement

Описание: A year after India and China disengaged troops in eastern Ladakh, a new dispute has emerged — not on the battlefield, but on the map. The flashpoint is Shaksgam Valley, a remote yet strategically vital region in Jammu and Kashmir, now at the centre of a sharp India–China exchange, with Pakistan playing a key role.

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Shaksgam Valley dispute | India China Pakistan border issue | 1963 China Pakistan agreement | CPEC and Shaksgam Valley | India China Ladakh tensions

India has once again rejected the 1963 China-Pakistan Boundary Agreement, under which Pakistan ceded nearly 5,000 square kilometres of the Shaksgam Valley to China. New Delhi maintains that Pakistan had no legal right to transfer Indian territory and has consistently termed the agreement illegal and invalid.

The issue has gained urgency amid reports that China has completed a 75-kilometre all-weather road through the valley, strengthening access to Pakistan-controlled areas and linking it to the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. China has defended its actions, saying the infrastructure is being built on its own territory under a sovereign agreement.

India’s Army Chief has doubled down, rejecting any joint actions linked to the region and reiterating that New Delhi does not recognise the 1963 deal or activities arising from it.

So why does Shaksgam Valley matter and why is it back in focus now? This report explains the history, geography and strategic stakes behind the dispute.

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