Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Diagnosis and Management

Описание: In this podcast we have discussed about the diabetes mellitus, focusing on its two main forms: Type 1 and Type 2. We begins by explaining that diabetes is a chronic condition characterized by hyperglycemia due to the improper use or production of insulin, with Type 1 resulting from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells and Type 2 involving insulin resistance and deficient beta cell response. Then we details the acute management of unstable patients presenting with life-threatening complications like diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS), including initial stabilization using the ABCDE assessment, fluid resuscitation, and IV insulin. Finally, we outlines the diagnostic criteria for prediabetes and diabetes in stable patients using lab tests like hemoglobin A1c and glucose tolerance, explains how to differentiate between Type 1 and Type 2 using antibodies and C-peptide levels, and concludes with the principles of long-term Type 1 diabetes management, including insulin therapy regimens and follow-up care.