4.3 Population Structure4

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4.3 POPULATION STRUCTURE
Age Structure in Africa
• Age structure is characterized by the distribution of population into young, working, and old age groups.
• Africa's population is predominantly young.
• The median age of the population can be expressed from this perspective.
• Low median age indicates a young population, as seen in Africa's 19.7 years median age by mid-2020.
• High median age indicates a population with low and slow population growth rates.

Types of Population Pyramids
Expansive Pyramid
• Identifies a high proportion of children, rapid population growth, and low proportion of older people.
• Typical pattern for less economically developed countries due to lack of birth control, environmental factors, and poor healthcare access.
Constructive Pyramid
• Identifies a large elderly population with lower numbers of young people (ages 1-14).
• Typically occurs in developed countries with adequate health services.
Stationary Pyramid
• Shows an unchanging pattern of fertility and mortality.
• B = D, where B = Birth, D = Death, and Population growth rate is zero.