🗳️Approaches to Comparative Political Analysis | Political Science | UGC NET | SET | UPSC | MA | BA

Описание: UGC NET Political Science | Comparative Politics: Political Culture & Civic Culture

In the second lecture of our Comparative Political Analysis series, we explore the Political Culture Approach. This methodology shifted the focus of political science from formal legal structures to the underlying attitudes, beliefs, and values that shape political behavior and system stability.

Key Topics Covered:

1. The Political Culture Approach

Interdisciplinary Roots: How this approach borrows concepts from Sociology and Anthropology to conduct empirical analysis of both transitional and developed societies.
Scope of Study: Moving beyond legal institutions to examine family relations, mass behavior, electoral systems, and power dynamics.
Core Advocates: A look at the contributions of Gabriel Almond, Sidney Verba, and Lucian Pye.

2. Almond and Verba’s Typology of Political Culture

Based on their landmark study, The Civic Culture (1963), we analyze the three ideal types of political culture:
Parochial Political Culture: Citizens have low awareness of the political system and do not expect anything from the government (typical of traditional societies).
Subject Political Culture: Citizens are aware of the system but are passive; they obey laws but do not participate in policy-making (typical of centralized/authoritarian systems).
Participant Political Culture: Citizens are highly aware and actively participate in the political process, believing they can influence government decisions.

3. The Concept of "Civic Culture"

The Mixed Model: Why Almond and Verba concluded that a "Civic Culture"—a mix of all three types—is the most stable foundation for a liberal democracy.
The Case of the UK & USA: Understanding why these nations were used as the primary examples of successful Civic Cultures in the 1960s.

4. Gabriel Almond’s Structural-Functionalism

Political System as Roles: Almond's belief that all political cultures can be empirically observed and understood scientifically.
Input Functions: Political Socialization, Political Recruitment, Interest Articulation, Interest Aggregation, and Political Communication.
Output Functions: Rule-making, Rule-application, and Rule-adjudication.

5. Behavioralism & Post-Behavioralism

The Behavioral Revolution: The push for "Pure Science," quantification, and value-free research in the 1950s.
David Easton’s Shift: Why the "Credo of Relevance" led to the rise of Post-Behavioralism, emphasizing that political science must be both a science and a tool for social change.

Exam Focus for UGC NET & UPSC:

Focus on the specific books and years of publication for Almond, Verba, and Lucian Pye. Pay close attention to the definition of "Civic Culture" and the eight characteristics of Behavioralism (Regularities, Verification, Technique, Quantification, etc.).

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