Thermodynamics Lecture 10 Reversible & Irreversible Processes Heat Engine, Second Law & Carnot Effic

Описание: In Thermodynamics Lecture 10, we introduce reversible and irreversible processes, build the concept of a heat engine, state the second law of thermodynamics in multiple forms, and derive the Carnot engine efficiency. We also solve key efficiency numericals for CBSE 11 and JEE Main.
Covered in this video:
• Reversible process: definition, ideal conditions, why it is not realizable in practice
• Irreversible processes: real processes, dissipation and examples
• Heat engine: source, sink, working substance, and efficiency
• Using first law for a cycle: (W = Q_{1} - Q_{2}), (\eta = 1 - Q_{2}/Q_{1})
• Second law of thermodynamics:
• Clausius statement (heat cannot flow spontaneously from cold to hot)
• Kelvin and Kelvin–Planck statements (no 100% efficient engine)
• Carnot engine and Carnot cycle: isothermal and adiabatic steps
• Derivation of Carnot efficiency: (\eta = 1 - T_{2}/T_{1})
• Efficiency in terms of adiabatic ratio (\rho)
• Q1–Q3: simple efficiency numericals for actual engines
• Q4–Q7: Carnot engine numericals (ice–steam, raising source temperature, adiabatic ratio, power output)
• Q8: Which is better – raising source temperature or lowering sink temperature?
Use this lecture to secure theory and formulae for all heat engine and Carnot efficiency questions in CBSE Boards and JEE Main.