Group 13 Elements: The Boron Family

Описание: The group 13 (3A) elements are Boron, aluminium, gallium, indium and thallium.

Boron is a relatively rare element, accounting for only about 0.001% of the earth’s crust by mass.

Aluminium is the most important of 13th group elements. Aluminium plays vital role in aircraft and as conductors.

Gallium is remarkable for its unusually low melting point (29.7C) and therefore generally exist as a liquid at room temperature. Its most important use is in making gallium arsenide. This is a semi conductor material employed in the manufacture of diode lasers for laser printers, compact disc players and fibre optic communication devices.

Indium is also used in making semi conductor devices, such as transistors and electrical resistance thermometers called thermistors.
Thallium is extremely toxic and has no commercial use.

General Trends observed in Electronic configuration of group 13 elements:

The general electronic configuration of the various elements of this family is ns2 np1.

Now let us see the electronic configuration of group 13 elements

For the element Boron the atomic number is 5 the electronic configuration is [He] 2s2 2p1, The Group Number is 13, the periodic number is 2.

For the element Aluminium the atomic number is 13 the electronic configuration is [Ne] 3s2 3p1, The Group Number is 13, the periodic number is 3.

For the element Gallium the atomic number is 31 the electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1, The Group Number is 13, the periodic number is 4.

For the element Indium the atomic number is 49 the electronic configuration is [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1, The Group Number is 13, the periodic number is 5.

For the element Thallium the atomic number is 81 the electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1, The Group Number is 13 and the periodic number is 6.