Introduction To Pathology

Описание: Pathology : Definition, Scope, History, and Diagnosis | Scientific Study of Disease Explained.

Welcome to the essential guide to Pathology, the foundation of modern medicine! Pathology is officially defined as **the scientific study of disease**, encompassing both the functional and structural changes that occur during illness.

In this comprehensive video, we break down why pathology matters, exploring its primary goals: identifying the causes of disease, aiding in the diagnosis of specific conditions (especially cancers), guiding therapy, and enabling prevention.

What You Will Learn:

*1. Definitions and Origins:*
We explore the etymology of the term, derived from the Greek words Pathos ("suffering") and Ology ("study of").

*2. The History of Disease Study:*
Learn how *Morbid Anatomy* emerged from autopsies performed scientifically starting from 300 BC. We explain that an autopsy (from *autopsia*, "to see for oneself") is a surgical procedure used to determine the cause and manner of death or evaluate disease.

*3. Understanding Disease:*
We define disease as the structural and functional changes resulting from exposure to an irritant. We detail the *nine essential characteristics* required to comprehensively study any disease, including Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Prognosis.

*4. The Science of Causation (Etiology and Pathogenesis):*
*Etiology:* The study of what causes disease. We differentiate between *Predisposing Causes* (factors increasing susceptibility, like malnutrition or genetic predisposition) and *Exciting Causes* (direct agents, like viruses, bacteria, or trauma).
*Pathogenesis:* The sequence of cellular and tissue responses, from the initial stimulus to the final disease expression.

*5. How Diseases are Classified:*
Discover the modern disease classification, including *Developmental Diseases* (like genetic disorders) and the four main types of *Acquired Diseases* (Inflammatory, Neoplastic, Degenerative, and Metabolic).

*6. Studying Structural Changes (Morphology):*
*Morphology* refers to the structural changes that occur in tissues and organs during disease. We examine these changes at three levels:
*Gross (Macroscopic):* Naked eye examination for visible structural abnormalities.
*Histologic (Microscopic):* Using a light microscope to see cellular changes.
*Ultrastructural:* Using an electron microscope for organelle-level examination.

*7. Scope and Subdivisions of Pathology:*
We differentiate between *Clinical Pathology* (studying disease at the patient level) and *Experimental Pathology* (studying disease mechanisms using models). Learn about the specialized subdivisions of clinical pathology, such as Histopathology (tissue examination), Cytopathology (individual cell examination), and Hematology (blood disorders).

*8. Diagnostic Techniques:*
Find out about the advanced techniques used, like Immunohistochemistry and Electron microscopy. We also cover the three main types of **Biopsies**—tissue examination from living patients—which include Closed (Needle/Core), Open (Incisional), and Excisional procedures.

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*Timestamps:*

0:00 Introduction & Definition of Pathology
1:30 Goals and Objectives
2:45 History of Autopsy & Morbid Anatomy
3:50 Etiology (Causes of Disease)
5:00 Pathogenesis Explained
6:15 Disease Classification (Acquired vs. Developmental)
7:30 Morphology and Examination Levels
9:00 Scope of Pathology (Clinical vs. Experimental)
10:30 Subdivisions & Diagnostic Techniques

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