Platelets in Tamil | platelets count in tamil |thrombocytes | thrombocytopenia|

Описание: #platelets
#thrombocytopenia
#thrombocytes


Platelets are the smallest blood cells; they are cytoplasmic fragments derived from their bone marrow precursor, the megakaryocyte. Resting platelets have a smooth disk shape and are 3.6 ± 0.7 µm in diameter. On activation, platelets undergo a shape change, becoming a compact sphere with numerous long dendritic extensions, markedly increasing their surface area. In humans, normal platelet counts range from 150,000/µL to 450,000/µL. The main function of platelets is to maintain vascular integrity, thereby playing a crucial role in hemostasis.

Low platelet count is also called thrombocytopenia. When your platelet levels are lower than normal, your blood isn’t able to clot as it should, putting you at a higher risk for excessive bleeding. The lower your platelet count, the higher your risk for bleeding. Your doctor will tell you what level is considered a low platelet count. If you have a very low platelet count, sometimes your doctor will delay your treatment or reduce your dose. Your doctor will use a blood test called a complete blood count (CBC) to measure your platelet level

Causes of low platelet count
Your platelet count may be low if the body is not making enough platelets, losing platelets, or platelets are being destroyed. In patients with cancer, low platelet count may be caused by Certain types of cancer.

patients with lymphomas or leukemias may be at higher risk for low platelet counts Certain types or cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy that is used in large amounts or in combination with chemotherapy Sometimes the proteins in your body called antibodies may attack and destroy platelets

Another health problem or medication that is not related to your cancer
Symptoms of low platelet count
If your platelet levels drop, you may begin to notice one or more of these symptoms

Bleeding from anywhere (such as the mouth, nose, or rectum) Bloody or dark brown spit or vomit Bright red, dark red, or black stools
Red, pink, or brown urine Women may have heavy vaginal bleeding during monthly periods
New unexplained bruises on the skin
Red pinpoint dots on the skin, usually starting on feet and legs Bad headaches, dizziness, or blurred vision Weakness that gets worse
Pain in joints or muscles Call your cancer care team right away if you notice any of these symptoms.

Platelet transfusion in patients with low platelet counts A platelet transfusion might be needed in some patients with cancer who have a low platelet count. Platelets may be given to prevent bleeding when the platelet count is very low, or they may be given if a patient has some unusual bleeding to help stop it.

Before platelets are given, the donor is carefully matched to the patient and the platelets are screened so they are safe. But, receiving a platelet transfusion has some risks:

Transfusion reaction: This happens when the patient’s immune system attacks proteins on the foreign blood cells. This often looks like an allergic reaction. Most of these reactions are minor and can be treated, but sometimes they can be more serious Transfusion related lung injury is one of the more serious risks. It can cause trouble breathing and require treatment in the hospital.

Getting exposed to certain germs such as HIV, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C. But the careful screening that’s used today has greatly decreased the risk of infections.
Talk to your doctor about whether you have a risk for a low platelet count, and what options might be best for your situation.

What a patient with a low platelet count can do Use only an electric razor (not blade) for shaving. Avoid contact sports (such as wrestling, boxing, or football) and any other activities that might lead to injury or cause a fall. Protect your skin from cuts, scrapes, and sharp objects. Use a soft toothbrush.
If your mouth is bleeding, rinse it a few times with ice water. Talk to your cancer care team about whether you should put off flossing your teeth until your platelet counts improve.
Do not blow your nose or cough with great force. Use a stool softener to avoid constipation and straining during a bowel movement. Do not use enemas or suppositories of any kind


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