Megasporangium || Types of Ovules || Parts of Ovules

Описание: #students
Megasporangium
The gynoecium, made up of one to many carpels, is the female reproductive organ of the flower.
The carpel consists of a proximal ovule bearing part, the ovary, a distal pollen receptive part, the stigma, and a median sterile part, the style.
The ovules, which are enclosed in the ovary, develop into seeds after fertilization. The angiospermic ovule consists of a central body, the nucellus, and a basal stalk by which it is attached to the placenta, the funicle.
The nucellus is protected and enclosed by one or two sheaths, the integuments. The opening in the integumentary sheath, where the tip of the nucellus is exposed, is the micropyle. The basal part of the ovule where the nucellus, integuments and funicle merge is called chalaza.
The embryo sac, formed in the nucellus, is the female gametophyte. A typical embryo sac contains eight haploid nuclei. Of these eight nuclei, three at the chalazal end organize into antipodal cells, three at the micropylar end form egg apparatus and the two median nuclei are called polar nuclei. The egg apparatus has an egg and two synergids
Types of Ovules
Depending upon the relative position of micropyle and chalaza at maturity, the following six types of ovules have been recognized.
1- Atropous or orthotropus ovules- the body of atropous or orthotropus ovule is upright with micropyle, chalaza and funicle falling in a straight line. For example- Polygonaceae and Piperaceae etc.
2-Anatropous ovule- in this type, due to unilateral growth of funicle, the whole body of the ovule is inverted through 180̊ as a result, the micropyle comes close to the base of the funicle. The nucellus remains straight, i.e, the. micropyle and chalaza lie in one line and the funicle lies parallel to it. It is the most common type and occurs in several families of both dicotyledons and monocotyledons.
3- Campylotropous ovules- this type of ovule has a curved body but its curvature is less than that of the anatropous ovule.

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