Compressor | Sections | Types | Relationship | Ableton Live

Описание: 1. Basic Definition

A compressor is a dynamic range processor that controls the amplitude of an audio signal. Simply put: if a sound is too loud, the compressor reduces it; if too soft, it can be boosted.

In mixing and mastering, compressors are used to even out dynamics, control transients, and add presence and punch to the sound.

2. Key Parameters

Threshold

The level at which compression begins.

Example: Threshold at −10 dB → any signal above −10 dB gets compressed.

Ratio

Determines how much compression is applied above the Threshold.

Example: 4:1 ratio → every 4 dB above the threshold becomes 1 dB.

Attack

How fast the compressor reacts after the signal exceeds the threshold.

Fast attack → controls transients (e.g., kick)

Slow attack → preserves transients but compresses sustain.

Release

How fast the compressor stops compressing after the signal drops below the threshold.

Short release → pumping effect

Long release → smooth, natural compression

Knee

How gradually compression is applied around the threshold.

Hard Knee → sudden compression

Soft Knee → gradual, transparent compression

Make-up Gain

Compensates for the reduction in level after compression.

3. Usage in Mixing

Leveling and balancing individual tracks: vocals, pads, guitars

Transient control: kick and snare for better mix placement

Enhancing presence: compression + make-up gain brings sound forward

Example:
Kick in trance → fast attack (to keep punch), short release (to avoid excessive pumping), medium ratio (~4:1).

4. Usage in Mastering

Controlling overall mix dynamics: applied to the stereo bus

Increasing loudness: gentle compression + make-up gain

Maintaining clarity and punch: careful release settings

Difference from mixing: in mixing, the compressor is applied to single tracks; in mastering, it is applied to the full mix. Usually, lower ratios and precise attack/release are used.

5. Advanced Notes

Compression is not just technical—it’s creative.

Sidechain Compression → for groove and ducking (e.g., bass under kick in trance)

Parallel Compression → for thick, detailed sounds (blend dry/wet)

Multiband Compression → controls low, mid, and high frequencies separately
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