GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT | HOME SCIENCE | LEC 1 | UGC NET 2023 | BY ADITI MAAM

Описание: GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT | HOME SCIENCE | LEC 1 | UGC NET 2023 | BY ADITI MAAM

In the context of childhood development, growth is defined as an irreversible constant increase in size, and development is defined as growth in psychomotor capacity. Both processes are highly dependent on genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors. Evaluation of growth and development is a crucial element in the physical examination of a patient. A piece of good working knowledge and the skills to evaluate growth and development are necessary for any patient's diagnostic workup. The early recognition of growth or developmental failure helps for effective intervention in managing a patient's problem.

Stages in Human Growth and Development

Fetal stage: Fetal health issues can have detrimental effects on postnatal growth. One-third of neonates with intrauterine growth retardation might have curtailed postnatal growth.[1] Good perinatal care is an essential factor in promoting fetal health and indirectly postnatal growth.
Postnatal stage: The process of postnatal growth and development happens together but at different rates. The growth occurs by discontinuous saltatory spurts with a stagnant background.[2] There are five significant phases in human growth and development,
Infancy (neonate and up to one year age)
Toddler ( one to five years of age)
Childhood (three to eleven years old) - early childhood is from three to eight years old, and middle childhood is from nine to eleven years old.
Adolescence or teenage (from 12 to 18 years old)
Adulthood
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