Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma ; Definition, Causes, Types, Symptoms, Treatment

Описание: Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) is a rare type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that primarily affects older adults. It is characterized by the abnormal proliferation of B lymphocytes, plasmacytoid lymphocytes, and plasma cells in the bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen2.

Key Features
Slow Progression: LPL is typically slow-growing, and symptoms may take years to develop.

Associated Condition: The most common subtype of LPL is Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM), which involves the production of monoclonal IgM antibodies3.

Symptoms
Weakness and fatigue (often due to anemia).

Enlarged lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy), spleen (splenomegaly), or liver (hepatomegaly).

Bleeding tendencies, such as nosebleeds or gum bleeding.

Neurological symptoms like dizziness and blurred vision.

Fever, night sweats, and weight loss3.

Causes
The exact cause is unknown, but genetic mutations (e.g., MYD88 L265P mutation) and familial predisposition may play a role3.

Diagnosis
Bone marrow biopsy and flow cytometry to identify monoclonal B cells and plasma cells.

Serum protein electrophoresis to detect monoclonal IgM paraprotein.

Genetic testing for mutations like MYD88.

Treatment
Watchful Waiting: For asymptomatic cases.

Targeted Therapy: Rituximab and other monoclonal antibodies.

Chemotherapy: For advanced cases.

Plasmapheresis: To manage hyperviscosity syndrome caused by high IgM levels

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