Class 12 Political Science Book 1 Ch-4 India's External Relations Oneshot Hindi Explanation & Notes

Описание: Notes: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FA...
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📚 Class 12 Political Science – Chapter 4: India’s External Relations (NCERT Book 1)

In this video, we explore how India shaped its foreign policy after independence — balancing Cold War pressures, neighbouring conflicts, and development priorities — explained in a clear, engaging, and story-like narration fully based on the NCERT, perfect for your CBSE Board Exam preparation.

🔹 Key concepts covered:
– International context at independence: Cold War rivalry + domestic challenges
– Principles of India’s foreign policy (Directive Principles, sovereignty, peace, non-interference)
– Nehru’s role as PM + Foreign Minister: architect of independent, non-aligned policy
– Policy of Non-Alignment: meaning, purpose, and criticisms
– Afro-Asian unity & Bandung Conference; formation of NAM (1961)
– India–China relations: Panchsheel, “Hindi–Chini Bhai Bhai,” Tibet issue
– Sino-Indian War (1962): causes, course, and consequences
– India–Pakistan relations: Kashmir dispute, Indus Waters Treaty, 1965 war
– Bangladesh War (1971): refugee crisis, India–Soviet Treaty, surrender of Pakistan Army, Shimla Agreement
– Nuclear policy: Nehru’s peaceful vision, rejection of NPT, 1974 Pokhran test
– Consensus in foreign policy: broad agreement across political parties
– Post-1970s shifts: Janata govt, Cold War end, nuclear tests (1998), Kargil conflict (1999)

🎯 This video is ideal for:
– Class 12 students
– CBSE Board preparation
– Quick revision before exams

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