Cropping Systems in India. Fundamentals of Agronomy. B.Sc(Ag) 1st yr 1st sem

Описание: *Major Cropping Systems in India*

In this video, we discuss the *Major Cropping Systems in India* in a *clear, detailed, and exam-oriented manner**. This topic is very important for **Agriculture students, ICAR/JRF/SAU exams, and competitive agriculture exams**, as well as for **farmers and extension workers**. Important **crop combinations, regions, and key features* are explained.

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🔹 *Major Cropping Systems in India*

*1. Rice–Wheat Cropping System (धान–गेहूँ)*

*Regions:* Indo-Gangetic Plains (Punjab, Haryana, UP, Bihar)
*Features:*
• Most dominant system in India
• High productivity under irrigated conditions
• Requires high inputs (water, fertilizer)
• Issues of soil degradation and groundwater depletion

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*2. Rice–Rice Cropping System (धान–धान)*

*Regions:* Eastern & Southern India (West Bengal, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh)
*Features:*
• Assured water supply required
• High cropping intensity
• Nutrient and pest management challenges

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*3. Rice–Pulses Cropping System (धान–दलहन)*

*Regions:* Eastern & Central India
*Features:*
• Improves soil fertility through nitrogen fixation
• Lower input requirement
• Sustainable and eco-friendly

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*4. Rice–Oilseed Cropping System (धान–तिलहन)*

*Regions:* Eastern & Southern India
*Examples:* Rice–Mustard, Rice–Groundnut
*Features:*
• Diversifies cropping system
• Enhances farm income
• Efficient use of residual moisture

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*5. Maize-Based Cropping System (मक्का आधारित)*

*Regions:* Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Rajasthan
*Examples:*
• Maize–Wheat
• Maize–Mustard
• Maize–Pulses
*Features:*
• Less water requirement than rice
• Suitable for rainfed and irrigated areas

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*6. Cotton-Based Cropping System (कपास आधारित)*

*Regions:* Maharashtra, Gujarat, Telangana, Punjab
*Examples:*
• Cotton–Wheat
• Cotton–Pulses
*Features:*
• Long duration crop
• High input and pest management needed

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*7. Sorghum / Pearl Millet-Based Cropping System (ज्वार/बाजरा आधारित)*

*Regions:* Semi-arid and arid regions
*Features:*
• Suitable for dryland farming
• Low input requirement
• Drought tolerant crops

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*8. Soybean-Based Cropping System (सोयाबीन आधारित)*

*Regions:* Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan
*Examples:*
• Soybean–Wheat
• Soybean–Chickpea
*Features:*
• Improves soil fertility
• Important kharif oilseed-pulse crop

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*9. Sugarcane-Based Cropping System (गन्ना आधारित)*

*Regions:* Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu
*Examples:*
• Sugarcane + Intercrops (Pulses, Vegetables)
*Features:*
• Long duration and high water requirement
• Intercropping improves profitability

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*10. Horticulture-Based Cropping System (बागवानी आधारित)*

*Regions:* Across India
*Examples:*
• Fruit + Vegetable + Pulse systems
*Features:*
• High value and income oriented
• Requires good market and management

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🔹 *Conclusion (निष्कर्ष):*

India follows *diverse cropping systems* due to variation in **climate, soil, irrigation, and socio-economic conditions**. Adoption of suitable cropping systems ensures **food security, income stability, and sustainable agriculture**.

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📌 *Useful for:*

✔ B.Sc./M.Sc. Agriculture
✔ ICAR, JRF, SAU & State Agriculture Exams
✔ Farmers & Extension Workers


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