HIGH VOLTAGE ON SHIPS; definition, advantages and disadvantages.

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In marine electrical systems, high voltage (HV) is generally defined as any voltage above 1000 volts (1kV). Systems below 1kV are considered low voltage (LV). HV systems are used on ships to handle the increasing power demands of larger vessels and their machinery. Typical HV systems on ships operate at 3.3kV, 6.6kV, or even 11kV.
Here's a more detailed explanation:
Increasing Power Needs:
As ships grow larger and require more powerful engines and equipment, the demand for electrical power increases.
Voltage Levels:
Any voltage below 1000V is considered low voltage (LV). Voltages above 1000V are considered high voltage (HV).
Typical HV Voltages:
Common HV system voltages on ships include 3.3kV, 6.6kV, and 11kV.
Safety Precautions:
Due to the increased risk associated with higher voltages, stringent safety procedures are necessary when working with HV systems on ships. This includes proper training, specialized equipment, and adherence to strict operating procedures.
Advantages of HV:
High voltage systems reduce copper losses (I²R losses) because the current flow is lower for the same amount of power transmitted. This is more efficient for large power distribution on ships.
Shore Power:
Some ships utilize high voltage shore connection systems (HVSCS) to receive power from onshore facilities. This can involve synchronizing the ship's generators with the shore power supply, transferring the load, and then disconnecting the ship's generators.
Potential Hazards:
Short circuits in HV systems can lead to high current flow, increased temperatures, insulation damage, and potential arc flashes, fires, and damage to personnel and equipment.
Protection Measures:
Various protection measures are in place to prevent the ill effects of short circuits, including the use of circuit breakers, relays, and earthing systems.
STCW Requirements:
The Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) also addresses high voltage systems and emphasizes the need for qualified personnel to manage them.