Indian Councils Act 1909 | Decoding polity - Part -7 | Xylem IAS

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📌 What You’ll Learn in This Video: 🏛 Indian Councils Act 1909 | Morley–Minto Reforms | UPSC Prelims & Mains

In this video, we discuss the Indian Councils Act 1909, also known as the Indian Councils Act 1909, a landmark constitutional reform introduced during British rule in India.

This Act is extremely important for UPSC Prelims 2026, Mains GS Paper 1 (Modern Indian History), and other competitive exams like State PSC.

👥 Introduced By:

John Morley– Secretary of State for India
Lord Minto – Viceroy of India

Hence, it is popularly known as the Morley–Minto Reforms

🔑 Key Features of Indian Councils Act 1909:

✅ Expansion of Central and Provincial Legislative Councils
✅ Increased number of Indian members in councils
✅ Introduction of Separate Electorates for Muslims
✅ First official recognition of communal representation
✅ Members allowed to discuss budgets
✅ Members allowed to ask supplementary questions
✅ Indians appointed to the Viceroy’s Executive Council

Example: Satyendra Prasanna Sinha

⚠ Most Important Feature for UPSC:

👉 Introduction of Separate Electorates for Muslims
This marked the beginning of communal politics in British India.

📌 Significance:

Beginning of constitutional reforms in British India
Increased political participation of Indians
Laid foundation for future reforms (1919 & 1935 Acts)
Deepened communal divisions in Indian politics

📚 UPSC Focus Areas:

Difference between 1892 Act and 1909 Act
Separate Electorates – Concept & Impact
Role of Moderates in accepting reforms
British “Divide and Rule” policy

This Video Covers:

✔ Concept clarity
✔ Prelims facts
✔ Mains analytical angle
✔ PYQ relevance
✔ Quick revision points

🔎 Keywords:

Indian Councils Act 1909, Morley Minto Reforms, Separate Electorates, UPSC Modern History, UPSC Prelims 2026, British Constitutional Reforms, John Morley, Lord Minto, Indian National Movement, GS Paper 1 History, UPSC Revision, Xylem IAS



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