SURRENDER of ITALY

Описание: After the Italian government announced its armistice with the Allies in September 1943 (not August), Hitler ordered a daring commando raid to rescue Mussolini from captivity.
Mussolini had been arrested by order of King Victor Emmanuel III on July 25, 1943, following the Allied invasion of Sicily. The new Italian government, under Marshal Pietro Badoglio, then began secret negotiations with the Allies, which resulted in an armistice signed on September 3 and announced publicly on September 8, 1943.
Anticipating Italy's defection, Hitler launched Operation Axis to occupy Italy and disarm Italian troops. He also personally ordered a rescue mission for Mussolini, codenamed Operation Oak (Unternehmen Eiche).
Hitler's orders and actions included:
Rescue Mussolini: German paratroopers and SS commandos, led by Otto Skorzeny and Harald Mors, successfully executed a glider raid on the Hotel Campo Imperatore in the Gran Sasso mountains on September 12, 1943, where Mussolini was imprisoned. Mussolini was then flown to Germany.
Establish a puppet state: Hitler installed Mussolini as the leader of a German-controlled, last-ditch Fascist regime in northern Italy, known as the Italian Social Republic (RSI), or the Republic of Salò, which remained a collaborationist state dependent on Germany until the end of the war.
Occupy Italy: German forces moved quickly to occupy central and northern Italy, establishing a strong defense against the Allied advance and leading to a brutal civil war between German/Fascist forces and Italian partisans.


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